Free to Use

Chemistry Calculator

Comprehensive chemistry calculations for molar mass, pH, stoichiometry, and solution concentrations with detailed step-by-step solutions and explanations

General Chemistry - Moles, Mass, and Molecules

Molar Mass Calculator
M = Σ(atomic mass × count)
Molar Mass
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Enter chemical formula elements
Moles Calculator
n = m/M | n = N/N_A
Amount
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Enter mass and molar mass
Molecules Calculator
N = n × N_A
Number of Molecules
-
Enter number of moles
Ideal Gas Law Calculator
PV = nRT
Temperature
-
Enter pressure, volume, and moles

Stoichiometry - Chemical Reactions and Ratios

Limiting Reagent Calculator
Compare: n₁/coeff₁ vs n₂/coeff₂
Limiting Reagent
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Enter moles and coefficients for both reactants
Percent Yield Calculator
% Yield = (Actual/Theoretical) × 100%
Percent Yield
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Enter theoretical and actual yields
Stoichiometric Ratio Calculator
n₂ = n₁ × (coeff₂/coeff₁)
Unknown Moles
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Enter known values and coefficients
Mass-Mass Stoichiometry
m₂ = m₁ × (M₂/M₁) × (coeff₂/coeff₁)
Unknown Mass
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Enter given mass, molar masses, and ratio

Solutions - Concentration and Dilution

Molarity Calculator
M = n/V (M = mol/L)
Molarity
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Enter moles and volume
Dilution Calculator
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Final Molarity
-
Enter initial conditions and final volume
Molality Calculator
m = n/kg_solvent
Molality
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Enter moles and mass of solvent
Mass Percentage Calculator
% by mass = (mass_solute/mass_solution) × 100%
Mass Percentage
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Enter mass of solute and solution

Acid-Base Chemistry - pH, pOH, and Strength

pH Calculator
pH = -log[H⁺] | pOH = -log[OH⁻]
pH & pOH
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Enter H⁺ concentration
Henderson-Hasselbalch Calculator
pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
Buffer pH
-
Enter pKa and concentrations
Acid Strength Calculator
Ka = [H⁺][A⁻]/[HA]
Acid Strength
-
Enter initial concentration and pH
Neutralization Calculator
n_acid × M_acid × V_acid = n_base × M_base × V_base
Base Volume Required
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Enter acid and base information

Chemistry Calculator Features

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Comprehensive Coverage
Covers all major chemistry areas: general chemistry, stoichiometry, solutions, and acid-base chemistry
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Accurate Formulas
Uses standard chemical formulas and constants for precise calculations and reliable results
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Instant Results
Real-time calculations with detailed step-by-step solutions and formula explanations
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Mobile Optimized
Works perfectly on all devices - perfect for students and chemists on the go
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Educational Focus
Designed for learning with clear explanations and practical examples for each calculation
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Privacy Protected
All calculations performed locally - your data stays private and secure

Chemistry Areas Covered

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General Chemistry
Basic chemical calculations including molar mass, moles, molecules, and gas laws using fundamental chemical principles.
Key Formulas:
n = m/M
N = n × N_A
PV = nRT
M = Σ(atomic mass × count)
⚗️
Stoichiometry
Chemical reaction calculations including limiting reagents, percent yield, and mass-mass relationships in balanced equations.
Key Formulas:
% Yield = (Actual/Theoretical) × 100%
n₂ = n₁ × (coeff₂/coeff₁)
m₂ = m₁ × (M₂/M₁) × (coeff₂/coeff₁)
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Solutions
Solution concentration calculations including molarity, molality, dilutions, and mass percentage relationships.
Key Formulas:
M = n/V
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
m = n/kg_solvent
% mass = (mass_solute/mass_solution) × 100%
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Acid-Base Chemistry
pH, pOH, buffer calculations, acid strength determination, and neutralization reaction analysis.
Key Formulas:
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
Ka = [H⁺][A⁻]/[HA]
pH + pOH = 14

How to Use the Chemistry Calculator

Molar Mass Calculation

Example - Water (H₂O):

Calculate the molar mass of water:

• Add Element: H, Count: 2

• Add Element: O, Count: 1

• Result: M = (1.008 × 2) + (15.999 × 1) = 18.015 g/mol

Stoichiometry Calculation

Example - Limiting Reagent:

For reaction 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O with 3 mol H₂ and 1 mol O₂:

• H₂: 3 mol ÷ 2 = 1.5 mol/coeff

• O₂: 1 mol ÷ 1 = 1.0 mol/coeff

• Result: O₂ is the limiting reagent (smaller ratio)

Molarity Calculation

Example - NaCl Solution:

Calculate molarity of 0.5 mol NaCl in 2 L solution:

• Enter Moles: 0.5 mol

• Enter Volume: 2 L

• Result: M = 0.5 mol ÷ 2 L = 0.25 M

pH Calculation

Example - Acid Solution:

Calculate pH of solution with [H⁺] = 1×10⁻³ M:

• Enter H⁺ Concentration: 0.001 M

• Result: pH = -log(0.001) = 3.0

• pOH = 14 - 3.0 = 11.0

Essential Chemistry Formulas

General Chemistry Formulas

n = m/M (moles = mass ÷ molar mass)
N = n × N_A (molecules = moles × Avogadro's number)
PV = nRT (ideal gas law)
M = Σ(atomic mass × count) (molar mass calculation)

Stoichiometry Formulas

% Yield = (Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield) × 100%
n₂ = n₁ × (coeff₂/coeff₁) (mole ratio)
m₂ = m₁ × (M₂/M₁) × (coeff₂/coeff₁) (mass-mass stoichiometry)

Solution Formulas

M = n/V (molarity = moles ÷ volume in L)
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ (dilution equation)
m = n/kg_solvent (molality)
% by mass = (mass_solute/mass_solution) × 100%

Acid-Base Formulas

pH = -log[H⁺] (pH from hydrogen ion concentration)
pOH = -log[OH⁻] (pOH from hydroxide ion concentration)
pH + pOH = 14 (water equilibrium at 25°C)
pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA]) (Henderson-Hasselbalch equation)

Real-World Applications

Pharmaceutical Industry

Calculate drug concentrations, dosages, buffer solutions for medications, and active ingredient percentages in formulations.

Environmental Science

Analyze water quality, pollutant concentrations, acid rain pH levels, and chemical treatment requirements for remediation.

Food Industry

Determine preservative concentrations, nutritional content calculations, food acidity levels, and shelf-life analysis.

Manufacturing

Calculate raw material requirements, product yields, quality control testing, and chemical process optimization.

Water Treatment

Design chemical dosing systems, pH adjustment calculations, chlorination levels, and water purification processes.

Laboratory Analysis

Prepare standard solutions, calibration curves, analytical chemistry calculations, and research data analysis.

Agriculture

Calculate fertilizer concentrations, soil pH management, nutrient solution preparations, and pesticide dilutions.

Academic Research

Support chemistry education, laboratory experiments, research projects, and scientific investigations and publications.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How accurate are the chemistry calculations?
Our chemistry calculator uses standard chemical formulas and atomic masses from the periodic table. Results are accurate for most educational and practical applications, but always consider significant figures and experimental uncertainties in real laboratory work.
Can I use this calculator for homework and lab reports?
Yes, this calculator is designed as an educational tool to help you understand chemistry concepts and verify your calculations. However, always show your work and understand the underlying principles for academic assignments.
What atomic masses does the calculator use?
The calculator uses standard atomic masses from the periodic table (IUPAC values). Common elements: H=1.008, C=12.011, N=14.007, O=15.999, Na=22.990, Cl=35.453. These are the same values used in most chemistry textbooks.
How do I enter chemical formulas for molar mass?
Enter each element separately with its count. For H₂SO₄: add H with count 2, S with count 1, O with count 4. Use element symbols (case-sensitive): H, He, Li, Be, C, N, O, F, etc.
Why do my pH calculations seem off?
Ensure you're entering the correct concentration format. For scientific notation like 1×10⁻⁷, enter as 1e-7 or 0.0000001. Remember that pH calculations assume ideal behavior and 25°C temperature.
How do I handle polyprotic acids and bases?
For polyprotic acids (H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄), use the appropriate Ka value for the ionization step you're calculating. The calculator handles simple monoprotic cases - complex polyprotic systems may require specialized software.
Can the calculator handle complex stoichiometry problems?
The calculator handles standard stoichiometry including limiting reagents, percent yield, and mass-mass calculations. For very complex reactions with multiple steps, break the problem into individual calculation steps.
What's the difference between molarity and molality?
Molarity (M) = moles of solute per liter of solution. Molality (m) = moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Molarity changes with temperature, molality does not. Use molality for colligative property calculations.
How should I handle significant figures in results?
The calculator provides several decimal places for precision, but you should round your final answer to the appropriate number of significant figures based on your input data. Follow your instructor's guidelines for significant figures.
Is my calculation data stored or shared?
No, all calculations are performed locally in your browser. We don't store, save, or transmit any of your input data or results. Your chemistry calculations remain completely private and secure.

About This Chemistry Calculator

Our comprehensive chemistry calculator is designed to help students, educators, chemists, and professionals quickly and accurately solve chemistry problems across multiple areas of chemistry. From basic molar mass calculations to complex acid-base equilibria, this tool provides reliable calculations with detailed explanations.

Why Choose Our Chemistry Calculator?

  • Comprehensive Coverage: Four major chemistry areas with 16+ specialized calculators
  • Educational Focus: Clear formula displays and step-by-step explanations for learning
  • Professional Accuracy: Uses standard chemical formulas and atomic masses for reliable results
  • User-Friendly Interface: Intuitive design that works perfectly on all devices
  • Real-World Applications: Practical examples and applications across multiple industries
  • Privacy Protection: All calculations performed locally - your data stays private

Whether you're solving homework problems, conducting laboratory work, developing formulations, or exploring chemical concepts, this calculator provides the tools you need for accurate and efficient calculations. The combination of theoretical knowledge and practical application makes it an invaluable resource for anyone working with chemistry.

Educational Disclaimer: While this calculator uses standard chemistry formulas and provides accurate results, always verify critical calculations with additional sources. Consider experimental conditions, temperature effects, solution ideality, and measurement uncertainty. This tool is for educational and general use - consult professional analytical software for critical laboratory applications.