Calculate density, mass, or volume using the density formula ρ = m / V. With unit support for kg/m³, g/cm³, g/mL, and lb/ft³, plus a comprehensive table of common material densities.
Density values at standard temperature and pressure (20°C, 1 atm) unless otherwise noted.
| Material | Density (kg/m³) | Density (g/cm³) | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air (at sea level) | 1.225 | 0.001225 | Gases |
| Helium | 0.179 | 0.000179 | Gases |
| Hydrogen | 0.090 | 0.000090 | Gases |
| Wood (pine) | 420–500 | 0.42–0.50 | Woods |
| Wood (oak) | 600–900 | 0.60–0.90 | Woods |
| Wood (balsa) | 100–200 | 0.10–0.20 | Woods |
| Ice (0°C) | 917 | 0.917 | Solids |
| Water (4°C) | 1000 | 1.000 | Liquids |
| Seawater | 1025 | 1.025 | Liquids |
| Ethanol | 789 | 0.789 | Liquids |
| Gasoline | 720–780 | 0.72–0.78 | Liquids |
| Olive Oil | 910 | 0.910 | Liquids |
| Milk | 1020–1050 | 1.02–1.05 | Liquids |
| Mercury | 13550 | 13.55 | Liquids |
| Aluminum | 2700 | 2.700 | Metals |
| Brass | 8400–8700 | 8.40–8.70 | Metals |
| Copper | 8960 | 8.960 | Metals |
| Gold | 19320 | 19.32 | Metals |
| Iron | 7870 | 7.870 | Metals |
| Lead | 11340 | 11.34 | Metals |
| Platinum | 21450 | 21.45 | Metals |
| Silver | 10490 | 10.49 | Metals |
| Steel (mild) | 7850 | 7.85 | Metals |
| Titanium | 4500 | 4.50 | Metals |
| Concrete | 2400 | 2.40 | Building Materials |
| Brick | 1600–2000 | 1.60–2.00 | Building Materials |
| Glass | 2500–2800 | 2.50–2.80 | Building Materials |
| Granite | 2600–2800 | 2.60–2.80 | Building Materials |
| Rubber | 1100–1200 | 1.10–1.20 | Polymers |
| Polypropylene | 850–920 | 0.85–0.92 | Polymers |
| PVC | 1300–1450 | 1.30–1.45 | Polymers |
| Polystyrene (foam) | 16–640 | 0.016–0.64 | Polymers |
| Asphalt | 2200–2400 | 2.20–2.40 | Building Materials |
| Diamond | 3500 | 3.50 | Materials |
| Human Body (avg) | 985–1070 | 0.985–1.07 | Biological |
| Blood | 1060 | 1.060 | Biological |
Note: Density values may vary based on temperature, pressure, and material composition. These are approximate reference values.
Where ρ (rho) = density, m = mass, V = volume
Mass equals density multiplied by volume
Volume equals mass divided by density
Specific gravity compares density to water (1000 kg/m³)
Where g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²)
Gas density from pressure P, molar mass M, gas constant R, temperature T
Problem: A metal cube has a mass of 270 g and a volume of 100 cm³. What is its density?
Problem: A tank holds 500 L of gasoline with a density of 740 kg/m³. What is the mass of the gasoline?
Problem: A gold bar has a mass of 1 kg. What is its volume if gold has a density of 19,320 kg/m³?
Problem: Will a 0.5 m³ block of oak wood (density 750 kg/m³) float in fresh water?
Use the mode buttons to select whether you want to calculate density, mass, or volume. The active mode determines which two values you need to provide.
For density mode, enter mass and volume. For mass mode, enter density and volume. For volume mode, enter mass and density. Fill in only the two input fields that correspond to your known values.
Choose appropriate units for each value from the dropdown menus. The calculator will automatically convert between units and display the result in your chosen density unit.
Press the Calculate button to get your result. The answer will be displayed with the formula used, including unit conversions and the step-by-step calculation process.
Density is a key property for identifying unknown materials. By measuring mass and volume, you can match calculated density against known values to determine composition.
Buoyancy depends on density. Ships are designed with average density less than water to float. Engineers calculate displacement and cargo capacity using density principles.
Manufacturers use density measurements to check material purity and consistency. Variations from expected density can indicate contamination or manufacturing defects.
Weight is critical in aerospace. Lightweight, high-strength materials with specific densities are selected for aircraft and spacecraft components to maximize fuel efficiency.
Density drives ocean currents, atmospheric circulation, and pollutant dispersion. Density stratification in lakes affects oxygen distribution and aquatic life.
Bone density scans (DEXA) diagnose osteoporosis. Density measurements of body fluids help diagnose medical conditions and monitor treatment effectiveness.
API gravity measures petroleum density. This determines crude oil quality, pricing, and refining processes. Density also affects pipeline transport and storage.
Density measurements ensure product consistency, from sugar content in beverages (specific gravity of wort in brewing) to fat content in dairy products.
Our density calculator is a comprehensive tool designed for students, engineers, scientists, and anyone who needs to perform density-related calculations quickly and accurately. Whether you're studying physics, working in materials science, or just curious about the properties of different substances, this calculator provides everything you need.
Density is a fundamental property of matter that affects everything from whether an object floats to how materials are selected for engineering projects. Understanding density is essential for physics, chemistry, materials science, and countless practical applications.
Important Note: Density values can vary based on temperature, pressure, and material purity. While our calculator uses standard reference values and provides accurate calculations, always verify critical measurements with calibrated laboratory instruments. This tool is for educational and general reference purposes.