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Inherited IRA Calculator

What are my Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) from an inherited IRA? Calculate your annual distributions based on the IRS Single Life Expectancy Table, whether you're subject to the 10-year rule or eligible for lifetime distributions under the SECURE Act.

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Method: 10-Year Rule — Equal annual distributions
Annual Distribution
$0
Per year for 10 years
Life Expectancy Factor
From IRS Single Life Table
Total to Distribute
$0
Full account balance
Monthly Distribution
$0
Per month
Year Age Life Expectancy Factor Annual Distribution Remaining Balance
Step-by-Step Calculation
  1. Method: 10-Year Rule — Equal annual distributions.
  2. Annual distribution: $500,000 ÷ 10 = $50,000 per year.
  3. Account empties by end of Year 10.

📊 Example 1: $500,000 Inherited IRA, 10-Year Rule

Situation: You are a non-spouse beneficiary who inherited a $500,000 IRA after 2020. The SECURE Act 10-year rule applies.

Calculation: $500,000 ÷ 10 = $50,000 per year in equal annual distributions.

Annual Distribution: $50,000 | Monthly: ~$4,167 | Total: $500,000 over 10 years

📊 Example 2: $500,000 Inherited IRA, Lifetime RMD at Age 45

Situation: You are an eligible designated beneficiary (e.g., spouse, disabled, chronically ill) who inherited a $500,000 IRA. You are 45 years old.

Calculation: Life Expectancy Factor at age 45 = 40.0. RMD = $500,000 ÷ 40.0 = $12,500 per year.

Annual RMD: $12,500 | Monthly: ~$1,042 | Factor: 40.0 (age 45)

📊 Example 3: $500,000, Lifetime RMD at Age 65

Situation: An eligible designated beneficiary age 65 inherits a $500,000 IRA.

Calculation: Life Expectancy Factor at age 65 = 25.0. RMD = $500,000 ÷ 25.0 = $20,000 per year.

Annual RMD: $20,000 | Monthly: ~$1,667 | Factor: 25.0 (age 65)
10-Year Rule Formula
Annual Distribution = Balance ÷ (10 − Years Elapsed)

Balance = Current account balance at the start of the distribution period

Years Elapsed = Number of years already passed since inheritance (0 in first year)

The entire account must be emptied by the end of the 10th year.

Lifetime RMD Formula
RMD = Account Balance ÷ Life Expectancy Factor

Life Expectancy Factor = From IRS Single Life Expectancy Table (Table I, IRS Pub. 590-B)

Age 40: 43.6 | Age 45: 40.0 | Age 50: 36.4 | Age 55: 32.5

Age 60: 28.7 | Age 65: 25.0 | Age 70: 21.4 | Age 75: 17.9 | Age 80: 14.6

IRS Single Life Expectancy Table (Table I)
Age Factor Age Factor Age Factor
1865.54043.66226.2
2063.64241.86425.0
2261.64440.06623.8
2459.64638.26822.6
2657.74836.47021.4
2855.85034.67220.2
3053.95232.87419.0
3252.05431.07617.8
3450.15629.27816.6
3648.25827.48015.4
3846.36025.68214.2
4044.46223.88413.0
4242.56422.08611.9
4440.66620.28810.8
4638.76818.4909.8
4836.97016.6928.8
5035.17214.8947.8
5233.37413.0966.9
5431.57611.2986.0
5629.7789.51005.2
5827.9807.81053.7
6026.2826.3115+1.9

Source: IRS Publication 590-B, Table I — Single Life Expectancy (for use by beneficiaries).

Key SECURE Act Rules

📅 10-Year Rule

For non-spouse beneficiaries who inherited after December 31, 2019. The entire account must be emptied by the end of the 10th year following the year of inheritance. No annual RMD is required in years 1-9 (though taking distributions is optional), but the entire balance must be withdrawn by December 31 of year 10.

👤 Lifetime Distributions

Available to eligible designated beneficiaries (EDBs): surviving spouse, minor children of the deceased, disabled individuals, chronically ill individuals, and beneficiaries not more than 10 years younger than the deceased. RMDs are calculated each year using the Single Life Expectancy Table.

Understanding Inherited IRA Rules

Inheriting an IRA comes with specific distribution rules that depend on your relationship to the original account owner, when they died, and your age. The SECURE Act of 2019 made significant changes for non-spouse beneficiaries inheriting after 2020, introducing the 10-year rule for most non-spouse beneficiaries.

For eligible designated beneficiaries (EDBs) — including surviving spouses, minor children, disabled individuals, and the chronically ill — the old lifetime distribution rules still apply. These beneficiaries can stretch their RMDs over their life expectancy, potentially reducing the tax burden of inherited retirement accounts.

📅 10-Year Rule (Non-Spouse, Post-2020)

Most non-spouse beneficiaries inheriting after 2020 must empty the inherited IRA by December 31 of the year containing the 10th anniversary of the owner's death. While the IRS has clarified that annual RMDs may also be required in years 1-9 if the original owner was past their RMD start date, this calculator uses equal annual distributions as a planning baseline.

👤 Lifetime RMD (Eligible Designated Beneficiaries)

EDBs take annual RMDs based on the IRS Single Life Expectancy Table. Each year, the RMD is calculated as the account balance divided by the life expectancy factor corresponding to that year's age. The factor decreases each year as you age, meaning the RMD percentage generally increases over time.

💑 Surviving Spouse Rules

Spouses have unique options: they can treat the IRA as their own, roll it over, or take distributions as a beneficiary. As a beneficiary, they can use the Single Life Table or the 10-year rule depending on their circumstances. Spouses who are sole beneficiaries of the IRA can also defer RMDs until the deceased spouse would have turned 72.

⚠️ Tax Implications

All distributions from traditional inherited IRAs are taxed as ordinary income. Large, lump-sum distributions in a single year can push you into a higher tax bracket. Strategic planning — spreading withdrawals across multiple years — can significantly reduce your tax burden. Roth inherited IRAs offer tax-free distributions if the 5-year rule is met.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the 10-year rule for inherited IRAs?
The 10-year rule, introduced by the SECURE Act of 2019, requires most non-spouse beneficiaries who inherit an IRA after December 31, 2019, to fully distribute the entire account balance by December 31 of the year containing the 10th anniversary of the original owner's death. Unlike the old stretch IRA rules, you cannot spread distributions over your own life expectancy. This calculator helps you plan equal annual distributions to meet this deadline.
Who qualifies as an eligible designated beneficiary (EDB)?
Eligible designated beneficiaries (EDBs) include: (1) a surviving spouse, (2) minor children of the deceased (until they reach the age of majority, typically 18 or 21 depending on state law), (3) disabled individuals (as defined by IRC Section 72(m)(7)), (4) chronically ill individuals (as defined by IRC Section 7702B(c)(2)), and (5) any beneficiary who is not more than 10 years younger than the deceased IRA owner. EDBs can take lifetime distributions based on the Single Life Expectancy Table.
How is the RMD calculated for an inherited IRA?
For lifetime distributions (EDBs), the annual RMD is calculated as: Account Balance ÷ Life Expectancy Factor. The Life Expectancy Factor comes from the IRS Single Life Expectancy Table (Table I in IRS Publication 590-B). For example, if you are 45 years old with a $500,000 inherited IRA, the factor is 40.0, so your RMD = $500,000 ÷ 40.0 = $12,500. The factor decreases each year, so the RMD generally increases over time.
What happens if I miss my RMD deadline?
Missing an RMD deadline triggers a significant penalty. Under the SECURE Act 2.0, the penalty for failing to take an RMD was reduced from 50% to 25% of the amount not withdrawn. If you correct the error within a reasonable period (typically two years), the penalty may be further reduced to 10%. It's important to calculate your RMDs accurately and take them on time to avoid these substantial penalties.
Can I take distributions before the RMD deadline?
Absolutely. You can take distributions at any time and in any amount from an inherited IRA. In fact, under the 10-year rule, the IRS may require annual RMDs in years 1-9 if the original owner had already reached their RMD start date. Even if not required, withdrawing gradually across the 10 years can help manage your tax bracket — you can take more in low-income years and less in high-income years, as long as the account is fully distributed by the end of year 10.
Are inherited Roth IRA distributions taxable?
Generally, distributions from an inherited Roth IRA are tax-free if the original Roth IRA was established at least 5 years before the distribution. The 10-year rule also applies to inherited Roth IRAs for non-spouse beneficiaries. Since Roth IRA distributions are typically tax-free, the 10-year rule for Roth IRAs involves less tax planning complexity — but the account still must be emptied within the 10-year window.

Disclaimer

⚠️ Disclaimer: This calculator provides estimates for educational planning purposes only and does not constitute financial, tax, or legal advice. The SECURE Act and SECURE Act 2.0 have complex rules that may affect your specific situation. The life expectancy factors used in this calculator are based on the IRS Single Life Expectancy Table (Table I, IRS Publication 590-B) but may change or have specific applicability rules. Always consult with a qualified tax professional or financial advisor before making decisions about distributions from an inherited IRA. IRA rules vary by account type (Traditional vs. Roth), beneficiary relationship, and the year of the original owner's death. Penalties for missed RMDs can be substantial.